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Peptide Index

Primary citations behind every peptide entry. Includes Phase III RCTs, mechanistic reviews, and observational/research-grade publications. 59 sources.

  1. AbbVie. Lupron Depot Prescribing Information.
  2. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 107: Induction of Labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:386-97.
  3. Anger JT et al. Pentosan polysulfate sodium for interstitial cystitis. Cochrane Database. 2010.
  4. Ashmarin IP et al. Semax in the treatment of stroke. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr. 2005;105:24.
  5. AstraZeneca. SYMLIN (pramlintide) Prescribing Information.
  6. Baar MP et al. Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells via a FOXO4-p53 interfering peptide. Cell. 2017;169:132.source
  7. Blanes-Mira C et al. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) inhibits neuronal exocytosis. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002;24:303.source
  8. Bowers CY. GH releasing peptides — clinical use. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:1577.source
  9. Buse JB et al. Exenatide once weekly vs twice daily (DURATION-1). Lancet. 2008;372:1240.source
  10. Cosman F et al. Romosozumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (FRAME). N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1532.source
  11. Diamond LE et al. PT-141, a melanocortin agonist for sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2004;16:51.
  12. Dorr RT et al. Evaluation of Melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide. Life Sci. 1996;58:1777.source
  13. Eli Lilly. Humalog (insulin lispro) Prescribing Information.source
  14. Falutz J et al. Effects of tesamorelin on visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2359.source
  15. Frías JP et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2). N Engl J Med. 2021;385:503.source
  16. Garaci E et al. Thymosin α1: from basic research to clinical use. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2007;7:1535.source
  17. Garvey WT et al. CagriSema in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (REDEFINE-1). N Engl J Med. 2025.source
  18. Goldspink G. Mechano-Growth Factor: a target for hypertrophy & repair. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2005;5:344.
  19. Goldstein AL et al. Thymosin β4: Therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12:37-51.source
  20. Hashimoto Y et al. A rescue factor for Alzheimer's disease: Humanin. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2001;98:6336.source
  21. Heffernan M et al. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:5663.source
  22. Imbimbo BP et al. Hexarelin: a novel GH-releasing peptide. J Endocrinol Invest. 1994;17:325.
  23. Jastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022;387:205.source
  24. Jastreboff AM et al. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — Phase 2. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:514.source
  25. Khavinson VK et al. Epitalon peptide and telomerase activation. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135:590.source
  26. Khavinson VK et al. Peptidergic regulation of aging. Adv Gerontol. 2014;27:257.
  27. Kingsberg SA et al. Bremelanotide for HSDD: Phase 3 RECONNECT Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134:899.source
  28. Kozlovskaya MM et al. Selank: anxiolytic and nootropic activity. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2003;66:31.
  29. le Roux CW et al. Survodutide for Obesity — Phase 2 RCT. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:719.source
  30. Lee C et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c regulates insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab. 2015;21:443.source
  31. Lee SJ. Quadrupling muscle mass in mice by targeting myostatin & follistatin. PLoS ONE. 2007;2:e789.source
  32. Leffler DA et al. Larazotide acetate for celiac disease — Phase 2b RCT. Gastroenterology. 2015;148:1311.source
  33. Locatelli V, Torsello A. GHRP-6 review. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:2255.
  34. Luger TA et al. Anti-inflammatory potency of α-MSH/KPV. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:133.source
  35. Marso SP et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (LEADER). N Engl J Med. 2016;375:311.source
  36. Marso SP et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1834-44.source
  37. McCoy AT et al. Dihexa, a small molecule HGF mimetic enhances cognition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013;344:141.source
  38. Miller PD et al. Effect of Abaloparatide vs Placebo on New Vertebral Fractures (ACTIVE). JAMA. 2016;316:722.source
  39. Muresanu DF et al. Cerebrolysin in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CARS). Stroke. 2016;47:151.source
  40. Nass R et al. Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:601.source
  41. Neelakantan H et al. Selective NNMT inhibitor (5-Amino-1MQ) reverses diet-induced obesity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018;147:141.source
  42. Neer RM et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone on fractures and bone mineral density (Fracture Prevention Trial). N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1434.source
  43. Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative & Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:1987.source
  44. Plata-Salaman CR et al. P21 (Cerebrolysin-derived) — neurogenesis review. CNS Drug Rev. 2007.
  45. Raun K et al. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139:552.source
  46. Rickels MR et al. Intranasal Glucagon for Treatment of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care. 2016;39:264.source
  47. Robinson LR et al. Topical palmitoyl pentapeptide (Matrixyl) clinical study. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005;27:155.source
  48. Sanofi. DDAVP (desmopressin) Prescribing Information.
  49. Schoenenberger GA. DSIP: a still unresolved riddle. J Neural Transm. 1984;21:367.
  50. Serono. Geref (sermorelin) Prescribing Information (discontinued 2008).
  51. Sikiric P et al. BPC 157, A Body Protection Compound: Review. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24:1990-2001.source
  52. Skorupskaite K et al. Kisspeptin and reproductive function. Hum Reprod Update. 2014;20:485.source
  53. Szeto HH. Cardiolipin-targeted peptide SS-31 (Elamipretide). Br J Pharmacol. 2014;171:2029.source
  54. Teichman SL et al. Prolonged Stimulation of GH and IGF-I Secretion by CJC-1295. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:799.source
  55. Tomas FM et al. Long-R3-IGF-I promotes nitrogen retention in rats. J Endocrinol. 1993;137:413.source
  56. Vandamme D et al. A comprehensive summary of LL-37. Cell Immunol. 2012;280:22.source
  57. Wharton S et al. Daily Oral Orforglipron for Obesity — Phase 2. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:877.source
  58. Wilding JPH et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021;384:989.source
  59. Wong F et al. Terlipressin plus Albumin for Hepatorenal Syndrome Type 1 (CONFIRM). N Engl J Med. 2021;384:818.source
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