Bitter melon

Also known as momordica charantia, bitter gourd.

Last reviewed October 9, 2026 · Jump to references

What is Bitter melon?

In plain words

Bitter melon is a bitter-tasting fruit eaten as food and sold in supplements. Its compounds may affect how the body absorbs and uses sugar. Researchers study it mainly for blood sugar control, but human studies have shown mixed results. It can cause stomach upset and may lower blood sugar too much when combined with diabetes medicines.

Technical definition

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is a fruit-bearing plant in the Cucurbitaceae family whose botanical preparations contain cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, saponins, and other bioactive constituents. No single molecular target defines its activity; preclinical research suggests effects on insulin signaling, AMPK-mediated energy regulation, and intestinal glucose handling. It is marketed as a food and dietary supplement, but it is not FDA-approved to treat diabetes or other diseases.

Educational information only. This page does not provide medical advice or determine whether a supplement is appropriate for you. Review supplements with a qualified healthcare professional, especially if you take medication, are pregnant, have surgery scheduled, or have a chronic medical condition.

Evidence by use

Each use is rated on its own. There is no single overall effectiveness score.