Glucosamine

Also known as glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hcl, glucosomine.

Last reviewed October 9, 2026 · Jump to references

What is Glucosamine?

In plain words

Glucosamine is a sugar-like substance the body makes naturally, also sold as a supplement. The body uses it to build materials found in cartilage, the tissue that cushions joints. Researchers study it mainly for osteoarthritis, a condition that causes joint pain and stiffness. Studies show mixed results for symptom relief, and it has not been reliably shown to rebuild damaged cartilage.

Technical definition

Glucosamine is an endogenous amino monosaccharide and a precursor in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, components of cartilage and other connective tissues; supplemental forms include glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride. It has no established single receptor target, and proposed effects on cartilage metabolism and inflammatory signaling have not translated into consistent clinical benefit. In the United States it is marketed as a dietary supplement, while certain formulations are regulated as medicines in some other countries.

Educational information only. This page does not provide medical advice or determine whether a supplement is appropriate for you. Review supplements with a qualified healthcare professional, especially if you take medication, are pregnant, have surgery scheduled, or have a chronic medical condition.

Evidence by use

Each use is rated on its own. There is no single overall effectiveness score.