Glutathione

Also known as liposomal glutathione, reduced glutathione, GSH.

Last reviewed October 9, 2026 · Jump to references

What is Glutathione?

In plain words

Glutathione is a small molecule that the body makes from three amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Cells use it to help limit damage from reactive chemicals and help process certain harmful substances for removal. Researchers study it for antioxidant effects and conditions linked to cell damage; liposomal products package it in tiny fat-based bubbles. Evidence that supplements provide meaningful health benefits remains limited.

Technical definition

Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, with an unusual gamma-glutamyl linkage between glutamate and cysteine. Rather than acting through a specific receptor, its cysteine thiol supports cellular redox balance, serves as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidases, and enables glutathione S-transferases to conjugate certain reactive compounds for elimination. It is marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement, including in liposomal formulations; these supplements are not FDA-approved treatments for disease.

Educational information only. This page does not provide medical advice or determine whether a supplement is appropriate for you. Review supplements with a qualified healthcare professional, especially if you take medication, are pregnant, have surgery scheduled, or have a chronic medical condition.

Evidence by use

Each use is rated on its own. There is no single overall effectiveness score.