Phosphorus / phosphate

Also known as phosphate, phosphorous.

Last reviewed October 9, 2026 · Jump to references

What is Phosphorus / phosphate?

In plain words

Phosphorus is a mineral found in food, usually in a form called phosphate. The body absorbs it to build bones and teeth, release energy from food, and maintain cells, while the kidneys remove excess amounts. Researchers study its role in bone health, kidney disease, and heart and blood vessel health. Too much phosphate in the blood can be harmful, especially when the kidneys are not working well.

Technical definition

Phosphorus is an essential mineral present in the body mainly as inorganic phosphate and phosphate groups incorporated into organic molecules, including ATP, nucleic acids, and phospholipids. Rather than acting through a single receptor, phosphate supports energy transfer, cellular signaling, acid–base buffering, and bone mineralization; intestinal absorption and renal excretion are regulated partly by parathyroid hormone, FGF23, and vitamin D. Phosphate compounds are regulated according to their formulation and intended use, including as food additives, dietary supplement ingredients, and medicines.

Educational information only. This page does not provide medical advice or determine whether a supplement is appropriate for you. Review supplements with a qualified healthcare professional, especially if you take medication, are pregnant, have surgery scheduled, or have a chronic medical condition.

Evidence by use

Each use is rated on its own. There is no single overall effectiveness score.