Prenatal vitamin

Also known as prenatal, prenatal multivitamin.

Last reviewed October 9, 2026 · Jump to references

What is Prenatal vitamin?

In plain words

A prenatal vitamin is a mix of vitamins and minerals made for pregnancy-related nutrient needs. The body uses these nutrients to make blood cells, support thyroid function, and help a developing baby's cells grow. Researchers study these products for preventing nutrient shortages and supporting pregnancy outcomes. Folic acid has strong evidence for reducing certain birth defects, but excess amounts of some nutrients can be harmful.

Technical definition

A prenatal vitamin is a multivitamin–mineral blend formulated for nutritional needs associated with pregnancy, commonly containing folic acid, iron, iodine, and other micronutrients rather than a single active compound. Its components act through multiple nutrient-dependent pathways, including folate-mediated nucleotide synthesis, iron incorporation into hemoglobin, and iodine-dependent thyroid hormone synthesis; the blend has no single molecular receptor target. In the United States, these products are generally regulated as dietary supplements and are not FDA-approved for safety and effectiveness before marketing.

Educational information only. This page does not provide medical advice or determine whether a supplement is appropriate for you. Review supplements with a qualified healthcare professional, especially if you take medication, are pregnant, have surgery scheduled, or have a chronic medical condition.

Evidence by use

Each use is rated on its own. There is no single overall effectiveness score.