Thymopentin (TP-5)
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Complete Research Guide
Open each section for the available evidence. Gaps are stated rather than inferred.
Overview
Thymopentin (TP-5) is listed as immune / thymic pentapeptide.
- •Immune modulation (research)
Regulatory status: Approved in parts of Europe/Asia; research-only in the US.
Structure & Properties
Compound: Thymopentin (TP-5); also known as TP5, Timunox.
Pharmacologic class: Immune / Thymic Pentapeptide.
Known delivery routes: Subcutaneous, Intravenous.
Sequence, molecular weight, salt form, and excipient details are formulation-specific and are not listed unless verified by a manufacturer or laboratory COA.
How It Works
Active pentapeptide fragment (32-36) of thymopoietin; promotes T-cell maturation and cytokine balance.
- •Improved T-cell counts in immunodeficiency
- •Adjunct benefit in chronic viral hepatitis studies
Human Research
Evidence grade: Clinical RCT (Limited)
Clinical RCT (Limited). Trials in HIV, hepatitis B, and atopic dermatitis.
Laboratory Research
Trials in HIV, hepatitis B, and atopic dermatitis
Preclinical findings describe biological plausibility, not proven benefit in people. Animal and laboratory doses do not translate directly to human use.
Processing & Interactions
Timing and exposure
No strict time-of-day requirement. Dose consistently at the same time daily and rotate injection sites. Follow the per-peptide dosing section above.
Potential interactions and combinations to avoid
- •Avoid stacking with peptides that share the same receptor or mechanism without clinical guidance.
- •Avoid combining with alcohol or immunosuppressants unless cleared by a clinician.
Absorption, half-life, metabolism, and clearance can vary by formulation and route. Use prescribing information when an approved product exists.
Safety & Precautions
Known or reported risks
- •Injection-site pain
- •Rare hypersensitivity
- •Autoimmune activation
Contraindications
- •Autoimmune disease
- •Organ transplant immunosuppression
- •Pregnancy
- •Autoimmune disease in active flare (immune activation may worsen symptoms)
- •Solid-organ or stem-cell transplant recipients on immunosuppression (rejection risk)
- •Concurrent biologic immunosuppressants or systemic corticosteroids without specialist input
- •Untreated acute infection requiring standard antimicrobial therapy
- •Bleeding disorders or anticoagulant therapy without physician guidance (injection-site haematoma)
- •Active skin infection, cellulitis, or lipohypertrophy at intended injection sites
- •Inability to maintain sterile technique or safe sharps disposal
- •Not FDA-approved for human therapeutic use — no verified purity, sterility, or potency standards
- •Immunocompromised or transplant patients (unverified sterility and immunogenicity risk)
- •Concurrent participation in drug-tested sport (WADA prohibited or non-cleared substance)
- •Known hypersensitivity or prior reaction to this compound or any excipient/diluent
- •Pregnancy, attempting conception, or breastfeeding unless prescribed and monitored by a physician
- •Children and adolescents with open growth plates (unless under specialist endocrine care)
- •Active or recently treated malignancy without oncology clearance
- •Use without a confirmed diagnosis, baseline labs, and licensed clinical supervision
Unknown long-term toxicity should be assumed where controlled human data are limited. Seek urgent care for a severe or unexpected reaction.
Administration & Studied Formulations
Reference range: 1–50 mg per dose depending on protocol
Frequency: 3× weekly
Cycling: 6–12 week courses with reassessment.
Subcutaneous (SubQ)
Default route for most research and therapeutic peptides — best absorption for reconstituted powder.
31G × 5/16" insulin syringe (U-100). 100 units = 1 mL. Pinch skin at abdomen (2" from navel), outer thigh, or love handle. Insert at 45–90°. Rotate sites daily to prevent lipohypertrophy. Alcohol-swab site, air-dry, inject slow, hold 5 sec.
Intravenous (IV)
Clinician-administered only. Reserved for hospital protocols, senolytics research, or emergency use.
IV catheter / infusion pump. Sterile IV push or slow infusion per protocol. Not for home use.
Dosing information is educational context, not a personal recommendation. Approved products must follow their label and prescriber instructions.
Applications & Related Therapies
Potentially complementary measures
- •Most peptides pair safely with baseline nutrition, sleep, and resistance training.
Clinical use should account for diagnosis, approved alternatives, nutrition, activity, sleep, rehabilitation, current medicines, and appropriate monitoring.
Cases, Considerations & Ethics
Decision framework: establish the clinical goal, confirm evidence quality and legal status, screen contraindications and interactions, compare approved alternatives, define monitoring and stopping criteria, and use shared decision-making with a licensed clinician.
Case evidence: individual reports cannot establish safety or effectiveness and should not outweigh controlled trials.
Ethics: informed consent should distinguish established care from experimental use, disclose uncertainty and cost, avoid overstated claims, and never substitute research products for medically necessary care.
What is Thymopentin (TP-5)?
In plain words
Thymopentin is a short chain of five amino acids that copies part of a protein linked to immune development. It can influence how T cells, a type of immune cell, mature and communicate. Researchers study it for changing immune responses, but evidence from controlled human trials is limited. Safety concerns include pain where it is injected, rare allergic reactions, and possible activation of immune attacks on the body's own tissues.
Technical definition
Thymopentin (TP-5, also called Timunox) is a synthetic pentapeptide with the sequence Arg–Lys–Asp–Val–Tyr, corresponding to residues 32–36 of thymopoietin. It is studied for promoting T-cell maturation and modulating cytokine signaling, although a definitive receptor-mediated mechanism is not well established. It has approvals in parts of Europe and Asia but is not FDA-approved and remains research-only in the United States.
Function
Dosing
Recommended Time of Day
Morning, fasted.
See “Timing & Interactions” below for full fasted/fed circumstances, what to avoid combining, and what pairs well.
Administration & Technique
Injection & Application Sites
- Abdomen — 2 in (5 cm) away from the navel, either side. Fastest, most consistent SubQ absorption.
- Flank / love handle — Lateral fat pad above the hip. Good rotation site when the abdomen is tender.
- Outer thigh — Upper outer quadrant, a hand-width below the hip. SubQ pinch at 45°.
- IV — clinician only — Antecubital vein or central line. Not for home administration.
Diagram is a general illustration, not a medical instruction. Rotate sites every injection, keep 1 in (2.5 cm) between recent sites, and avoid scars, moles, bruises and the navel area.
Cycling
6–12 week courses with reassessment.
Timing & Interactions
- ·Avoid stacking with peptides that share the same receptor or mechanism without clinical guidance.
- ·Avoid combining with alcohol or immunosuppressants unless cleared by a clinician.
- ·Most peptides pair safely with baseline nutrition, sleep, and resistance training.
Storage & Reconstitution
Reconstitution Calculator
1 mL = 100 units on a standard U-100 insulin syringe. Draw to the nearest 0.5 unit and confirm dosing with a clinician before injection.
Your Notes
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Benefits
- ·Improved T-cell counts in immunodeficiency
- ·Adjunct benefit in chronic viral hepatitis studies
Risks
- ·Injection-site pain
- ·Rare hypersensitivity
- ·Autoimmune activation
Contraindications
- ·Autoimmune disease
- ·Organ transplant immunosuppression
- ·Pregnancy
- ·Autoimmune disease in active flare (immune activation may worsen symptoms)
- ·Solid-organ or stem-cell transplant recipients on immunosuppression (rejection risk)
- ·Concurrent biologic immunosuppressants or systemic corticosteroids without specialist input
- ·Untreated acute infection requiring standard antimicrobial therapy
- ·Bleeding disorders or anticoagulant therapy without physician guidance (injection-site haematoma)
- ·Active skin infection, cellulitis, or lipohypertrophy at intended injection sites
- ·Inability to maintain sterile technique or safe sharps disposal
- ·Not FDA-approved for human therapeutic use — no verified purity, sterility, or potency standards
- ·Immunocompromised or transplant patients (unverified sterility and immunogenicity risk)
- ·Concurrent participation in drug-tested sport (WADA prohibited or non-cleared substance)
- ·Known hypersensitivity or prior reaction to this compound or any excipient/diluent
- ·Pregnancy, attempting conception, or breastfeeding unless prescribed and monitored by a physician
- ·Children and adolescents with open growth plates (unless under specialist endocrine care)
- ·Active or recently treated malignancy without oncology clearance
- ·Use without a confirmed diagnosis, baseline labs, and licensed clinical supervision
Regulatory
Approved in parts of Europe/Asia; research-only in the US
Veterinary Use (Pets)
No established veterinary protocol for Thymopentin (TP-5). Consult a licensed veterinarian before considering off-label use in any species.
Full veterinary reference →Functional Groups
Cited Works
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